The purest form is the Credit Default Swap market which is for all intents and purposes a traded market in credit insurance, i.e. a credit default swap represents the price at which two counter parties will exchange this risk – the protection seller takes the risk of default of the credit in return for a payment, commonly denoted in basis points of the notional amount to be referenced, at the same time as the protection buyer pays this premium and in the case of default of the underlying (a loan, bond or other receivable), delivers this receivable to the protection seller and receives from the seller the par amount.

Credit history
Credit history or credit report is, in a lot of countries, a record of an individual’s or company’s precedent borrowing and repaying, together with the information about late payments and bankruptcy. The term credit reputation can also be used synonymously with credit history or to credit scores.

Once a customer fills out an application for credit from a bank, store or credit card Company, their information is forwarded to a credit bureau, along with regular updates on the condition of their credit accounts, address or any other changes you may have made in view of the fact that the last time they applied for any credit. This information is used by lenders such as credit card companies to settle on an individual’s or entity’s credit worthiness; that is to say, determining an individual’s or entity’s means and willingness to repay indebtedness. This helps concluding whether to extend credit, as well as on what terms.

With the adoption of risk based pricing on more or less all lending in the financial services industry, this report has become even further vital since it is more often than not the sole element used to choose the APR (annual percentage rate).

Credit score
In the United States, a credit score is a three-digit credit rating that represents a calculated approximation of an individual’s financial creditworthiness as intended by a statistical model. A credit score attempts to calculate the likelihood that a potential borrower will fail to repay a loan or other credit obligation satisfactorily over a specified period of time. A credit score is characteristically based on the information in an individual’s credit report.

Lenders such as banks and credit card companies use credit scores control the risk posed by lending money to consumers. Examples of such uses take account of determining who qualifies for a loan, assigning an interest rate, assigning credit limits, and managing accounts that are already open. For instance, treatment of accounts those are in default. The use of credit or identity scoring prior to authorizing right of entry or granting credit is an implementation of a trusted system.